Winter Olympic Games - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Winter Olympic Games (French: Jeux olympiques d'hiver)[nb 1] is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years. ![]() ![]() Unlike the Summer Olympics, the Winter Olympics feature sports practiced on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1. Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol,[nb 2]cross- country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating).[nb 3] The Games were held every four years from 1. ![]() World War II. The Olympics resumed in 1. Until 1. 99. 2, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1. International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four- year cycles in alternating even- numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1. The Winter Games have evolved since its inception. Sports and disciplines have been added and some of them, such as Alpine skiing, luge, short track speed skating, freestyle skiing, skeleton, and snowboarding, have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic program. Others (such as curling and bobsleigh) have been discontinued and later reintroduced, or have been permanently discontinued (such as military patrol, though the modern Winter Olympic sport of biathlon is descended from it).[nb 2] Still others, such as speed skiing, bandy and skijoring, were demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports. The rise of television as a global medium for communication enhanced the profile of the Games. It created an income stream, via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising, which has become lucrative for the IOC. ![]() ![]() Over 160,000 people helped welcome X Games to Texas in the past week, a four-day event that wrapped up Sunday at Austin's Circuit of the Americas. Alberta Games developed by RAMP Interactive. RAMP Interactive delivers Customized Online Sports Administration Software that creates effortless communication across.
![]() This allowed outside interests, such as television companies and corporate sponsors, to exert influence. The IOC has had to address several criticisms, internal scandals, the use of performance- enhancing drugs by Winter Olympians, as well as a political boycott of the Winter Olympics. Nations have used the Winter Games to showcase the claimed superiority of their political systems. The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by eleven different countries. The United States has hosted the Games four times (1. France has been the host three times (1. Austria (1. 96. 4, 1. Canada (1. 98. 8, 2. Japan (1. 97. 2, 1. Italy (1. 95. 6, 2. Norway (1. 95. 2, 1. Switzerland (1. 92. Games twice. Germany(1. Yugoslavia (1. 98. Russia (2. 01. 4) have hosted the Games once. The IOC has selected Pyeongchang, South Korea, to host the 2. Winter Olympics and Beijing, China, to host the 2. Winter Olympics. No country in the southern hemisphere has hosted or even been an applicant to host the Winter Olympics; the major challenge preventing one hosting the games is the dependence on winter weather, and the traditional February timing of the games falls in the middle of the southern hemisphere summer. Twelve countries – Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States – have sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games. Six of those – Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States – have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games, and only one – the United States – has earned gold at each Games. Germany and Japan have been banned at times from competing in the Games. Chapter 1, article 6 of the 2. Olympic Charter defines winter sports as "sports which are practised on snow or ice."[6] Since 1. Olympic programme; which include short track speed skating, snowboarding, freestyle and moguls skiing. The addition of these events has broadened the appeal of the Winter Olympics beyond Europe and North America. While European powers such as Norway and Germany still dominate the traditional Winter Olympic sports, countries such as South Korea, Australia and Canada are finding success in the new sports. The results are more parity in the national medal tables, more interest in the Winter Olympics and higher global television ratings.[7]Current sport disciplines[edit]Sport. Years. Events. Medal events contested in 2. Alpine skiing. Since 1. Men's and women's downhill, super G, giant slalom, slalom, and combined.[8]Biathlon. Since 1. 96. 0Note 3. Sprint (men: 1. 0 km; women: 7. Bobsleigh. 19. 24–1. Four- man race, two- man race and two- woman race.[1. Cross- countryskiing. Since 1. 92. 41. 2Men's sprint, team sprint, 3. Curling. 19. 24. 19. Men's and women's tournaments.[1. Figure skating. Since 1. Note 1. 5Men's and women's singles; pairs; ice dancing and team event.[1. Freestyle skiing. Since 1. 99. 21. 0Men's and women's moguls, aerials, ski cross, superpipe, and slopestyle.[1. Ice hockey. Since 1. Note 2. 2Men's and women's tournaments.[1. Luge. Since 1. 96. Men's and women's singles, men's doubles, team relay.[1. Nordic combined. Since 1. Men's 1. 0 km individual normal hill, 1. Short trackspeed skating. Since 1. 99. 28. Men's and women's 5. Skeleton. 19. 28; 1. Since 2. 00. 22. Men's and women's events.[1. Ski jumping. Since 1. Men's individual large hill, team large hill.; [2. Snowboarding. Since 1. Men's and women's parallel, giant slalom, half- pipe, snowboard cross, and slopestyle.[2. Speed skating. Since 1. Men's and women's 5. Note 1. Figure skating events were held at the 1. Summer Olympics.^ Note 2. A men's ice hockey tournament was held at the 1. Summer Olympics.^ Note 3. The IOC's website now treats Men's Military Patrol at the 1. Biathlon.[nb 2]Demonstration events[edit]Demonstration sports have historically provided a venue for host countries to attract publicity to locally popular sports by having a competition without granting medals. Demonstration sports were discontinued after 1. Military patrol, a precursor to the biathlon, was a medal sport in 1. The special figures figure skating event was only contested at the 1. Summer Olympics.[2. Bandy (Russian hockey) is a sport popular in the Nordic countries and Russia. In the latter it's considered a national sport.[2. It was demonstrated at the Oslo Games.[2. Ice stock sport, a German variant of curling, was demonstrated in 1. Germany and 1. 96. Austria.[2. 8] The ski ballet event, later known as ski- acro, was demonstrated in 1. Skij. öring, skiing behind dogs, was a demonstration sport in St. Moritz in 1. 92. 8.[2. A sled- dog race was held at Lake Placid in 1. Speed skiing was demonstrated in Albertville at the 1. Winter Olympics.[3. Winter pentathlon, a variant of the modern pentathlon, was included as a demonstration event at the 1. Games in Switzerland. It was composed of cross- country skiing, shooting, downhill skiing, fencing and horse riding.[9]History[edit]Early years[edit]A predecessor, the Nordic Games, were organized by General Viktor Gustaf Balck in 1. Balck was a charter member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and a close friend of Olympic Games founder Pierre de Coubertin. He attempted to have winter sports, specifically figure skating, added to the Olympic program but was unsuccessful until the 1. Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.[3. Four figure skating events were contested, at which Ulrich Salchow (1. Madge Syers won the individual titles.[3. Three years later, Italian count Eugenio Brunetta d'Usseaux proposed that the IOC stage a week of winter sports included as part of the 1. Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. The organizers opposed this idea because they desired to protect the integrity of the Nordic Games and were concerned about a lack of facilities for winter sports.[3. The idea was resurrected for the 1. Games, which were to be held in Berlin, Germany. A winter sports week with speed skating, figure skating, ice hockey and Nordic skiing was planned, but the 1. Olympics was cancelled after the outbreak of World War I.[3. The first Olympics after the war, the 1. Summer Olympics, were held in Antwerp, Belgium, and featured figure skating and an ice hockey tournament.[3. Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey were banned from competing in the Games. At the IOC Congress held the following year it was decided that the host nation of the 1. Summer Olympics, France, would host a separate "International Winter Sports Week" under the patronage of the IOC. Chamonix was chosen to host this "week" (actually 1. The Games proved to be a success when more than 2. Athletes from Finland and Norway won 2. Germany remained banned until 1. Deutsche Kampfspiele, starting with the Winter edition of 1. Winter Olympics). In 1. 92. 5 the IOC decided to create a separate Olympic Winter Games and the 1. Games in Chamonix was retroactively designated as the first Winter Olympics.[3. St. Moritz, Switzerland, was appointed by the IOC to host the second Olympic Winter Games in 1. Fluctuating weather conditions challenged the hosts. The opening ceremony was held in a blizzard while warm weather conditions plagued sporting events throughout the rest of the Games.[4. Because of the weather the 1. The weather was not the only noteworthy aspect of the 1. Games: Sonja Henie of Norway made history when she won the figure skating competition at the age of 1. She became the youngest Olympic champion in history, a distinction she would hold for 7. The next Winter Olympics was the first to be hosted outside of Europe. Seventeen nations and 2. This was less than in 1. Lake Placid, United States, was a long and expensive one for most competitors who had little money in the midst of the Great Depression. The athletes competed in fourteen events in four sports.[4. Virtually no snow fell for two months before the Games, and it was not until mid- January that there was enough snow to hold all the events.[4. Sonja Henie defended her Olympic title and Eddie Eagan, who had been an Olympic champion in boxing in 1. Olympian to have won gold medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics.[4. X Games and action sports videos, photos, athletes, events, original series, news and more. Surfing. 1 day ago. On Friday, Jan. 1. Jaws on Maui, a massive northwest swell freight- trained into the island. With unusually light winds, the conditions were ideal, and the waves' faces were estimated to be up to 7.
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